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right. Okay. Uh huh. So you want to take one? 46 6. 57. Senator Smathers Hurricane. How do you do, ladies and gentlemen, because we're in the middle of the hurricane season And because we have just suffered the most destructive hurricane and all the history of the weather bureau, we still have some.

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And because we still have some five or six weeks to go, I thought it would be interesting if we would have sort of a whether advisory program today. Consequently, I've invited Mr Paul Reuter, the assistant chief of the Weather Bureau here in Washington, to come over and discuss with us the prospects of new Harrick.

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Mr. Khoo Chin wrote first used to be in Miami with the weather Bureau, did you not? Ah, yes, Senator. I was in the Weather bureau in Miami from 1943 to 1947. But tell us a little bit now about hurricane season. How long does it last? Well, the weather bureau considers the hurricane season to last from mid June until mid to the end of October or into early November, when you usually get most of the hurricane well the most most hurricanes generally occur in the mid point of the season.

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That would be in September. In about mid September, the earlier ones form in the Gulf and Caribbean, the midseason once primarily in the Atlantic and then back to the Gulf and Caribbean for the later part of the season. Why do these hurricanes always originate? It seems to us down below Puerto Rico and come up that little pathway between Cuba and Puerto Rico.

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And then sometimes they go to the East Coast route, and sometimes they go to the West Coast route into the Gulf. Yes, this was quite a hurricane alley, Senator. The hurricanes have to depend upon the moisture available over the marine areas over the oceans for their source of energy.

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So they must form over the ocean areas they form on the periphery of the Bermuda antipsychotic cell. And the general circulation normally is around the the bottom side of this cell and then into the trough, which normally is right around the vicinity of Florida. And then they curve northward on up the Atlantic coast and tell us about what you people have done to improve your facilities for advising the people.

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When a hurricane is formed and where it's going well, the main thing, Senator, is to know that a hurricane or at least a potential hurricane exists. The major advance in this respect has been the advent of reconnaissance by the Air Force and Navy hurricane reconnaissance planes.

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How is it possible for a heroic for an airplane to fly in the middle of this storm and not be destroyed? The airplane is vectored into the center of the storm, following the winds getting tail winds spiraling into the center of the storm. They do experience a considerable amount of turbulence, but pilots with years of experience have been able to work out if they sort of get blown into it from behind in effect.

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Yes. All right. Now tell us what you've done with respect to radar. How is radar helps you people track these stones. Radar has been one of the most predominant advances in our hurricane work in recent years. Congress, as you know, of course, gave us sufficient funds for W.

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S. R. 57. This is especially designed radar designed part of Weather bureau for hurricane work, particularly. We have these radars installed all along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast. And if I may, I would like to show you just the path of Donna and the radar stations that we have here.

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Do that. Yeah, well, this is the path that Donna took from September 2nd. These represent 24 hour movements. This is a position as of 5 p.m. on each day. And the large dots here are the radar stations, W S R 57 radars that we have. How far with those radars?

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Reach out and pick up the storm. Uh, yes. Uh, the furthest that any weather bureau radar has yet picked up a storm was this 50 w s r 57 radar at Key West for 225 nautical miles out. And, uh, from the time this hurricane was just north of San Juan, it was on continuous radar surveillance until it actually ceased to exist up here in the North Atlantic Post.

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All right, now, but you show us on this next chart, pull that chart that shows on the next chart what this looks like on radar. Yes. This is a picture of the hurricane on the Key West radar. Key West would be right here at the center of the radar scope on your next chart.

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Now is yours. The next chart. I think you can see the coastline described use there. What? What? It was This gives a good orientation. Here is Cuba down here. Here are the keys. You can see right through here in the clear spot where this particular instance there was no rain.

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This is the southern tip of Florida, and this is the central high of the hurricane. All right, now, when we ask you just one more final question do you think that we're going to have any more storms? Senator, I'd like to be able to tell you how many more and exactly where.

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Whether science hasn't reached this point yet, but one of these days, I hope it will will be able to, uh, certainly there will be some more storms developing this season. Uh, the remnants of Florence or down there now. All right. Well, thank you very much, sir, for this information, sir.

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And I appreciate you coming over and giving it to us. And thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, for looking in. So you want to take 2 46 57 77 Smith, because we're in the midst of the hurricane season and still have some six weeks to go before we get to the end of it.

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I thought you might be interested in hearing some comments from one of the officials of the weather Bureau with respect to hurricanes. And therefore, I've invited Mr Paul Kitchen router over assistant chief of the weather Bureau to talk with us about the prospects for new hurricanes and how they are best located and so on.

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So we're delighted to have you with us. Thank you, Senator. First, would you tell us why was it that Eric and Donna, which was the most destructive we've ever had? Why we're not more people? Why we're not more lives lost primarily, Senator, as a result of a whale of a lot of cooperation.

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Uh, we had cooperation way back in the beginning from Congress and providing funds for W S R. 57 radar so that we could know where the hurricane was at all times. We were able to forecast its movement without too much difficulty. And then, most important of all, the civil defense networks, the radio stations and the newspapers kept the people advised of just where the hurricane was, where it was going and what the damage, what the damaging winds would be.

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How about these airplanes that go out and fly into these hurricanes? How is that operated? The pilots, who have been flying the hurricane area for a number of years, have been able to vector their planes in the hurricane following the spiral winds in toward the center of the hurricane and keep the center in view at all times and keep us advised as to just where the position is.

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In other words, they go into it with the wind behind him and just let themselves be blown around until they get to the center. That's right. That must be quite an experience for those pilots to do that. What is the turbulence in there? It's plenty rough at times.

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In fact, Donna was one of the most vicious hurricanes that they have flown into what was the highest wind that you had recorded in Hurricane Donna. We had winds consistently reported up to 150 miles an hour, 151 150. You'll never get above that We have no measurements above that.

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Tell us about these radar stations. Where are they now? Can you show us on the map where you've got radar stations and what they do for you? Yes. Here. Showing the path of down on the radar stations are shown in black here. These are W S R 57 radars, which were developed specifically for Weather Bureau used and they keep the all heavy rain areas continually insight as long as the radar is in operation.

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The range of the radar is 200 nautical miles normally and you can see here we have one of us one at Miami, one at Tampa and won at Daytona Beach. Now let's look on the next shot chart and does that. What does that show? Uh, this is actually a picture of the radar scope at Key West.

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Key West would be right here at the center of the scope. And here in this relatively clear area, you can probably see the Florida Keys. Here is the southern tip of Florida. And here is Cuba that will serve to get to oriented and give you an idea of the range of the radar.

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Now Key West is at the center and this is the hurricane center right here, the clear eye in the center and the heavy wife area or the extremely heavy bands of rainfall. Now, how does that help you in advising the people as to what to do?

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Can you look at that and tell how fast that hurricane wind is going? We can get an idea how fast the wind is going by how fast these individual rainfall cells spiral around the center of the hurricane. We can plot the center of the hurricane, say it five or 10 minute intervals and yet the first indication of any acceleration or any change in the past.

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Now can you tell us what are the prospects for having any more hurricanes this particular year? Well, if our betting man Senator, I'd say the odds were pretty much against having one in this particular location again this year. But you must recall that this is the middle of the hurricane season.

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The chances of having additional hurricanes are good. There are several suspicious areas that are being watched at the present time. Can you tell us how long is this hurricane season officially Officially, it lasts until the middle of October or first of November, and mid September is the worst part of the season.

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Do you think the day is ever going to come when the weather bureau will be able to somehow, through seeding or blowing an atomic bomb or something of that nature, eliminate the danger of a hurricane? This is something that we can hope for, and it's an aspect that we're looking into at the present time.

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But this year, we've got to suffer it out this year. And perhaps the next at least thank you very much, Mr Kitchen Router for coming with us today. Thank you very much, Ladies and gentlemen, for looking in. I hope you look in again at the same time next week.