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you want to take one? 23 83 small. Mm. We present at this time an informal discussion with Senator George Smathers from the nation's capital. Now, here is the first question Senator Smathers on these riots we've been having in Los Angeles. What do you think is the back of all of that?

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What is causing it? I think very many things are causing yet I'm afraid that one of the most immediate causes as a lack of respect for the laws of our city and our counties in our state and our nation. And I do think that this is one of the unfortunate results of these so called civil disobedience demonstrations that we have seen occurring all over the nation.

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I don't believe that we can take a lot of people who in some instances are not too well educated and teach them that all they've got to do if they don't like a law, did you just break it and that they have the right to go in somebody's store just because they may not like the store owner or whatever it is?

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And unfortunately for the past year and a half, we have seen some of the leaders of the Negro community happily not too many, but some of them. And we've seen some of leaders of the in the white community who are very sympathetic with the Negroes plight.

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We have seen them encourage citizens to demonstrate, even though that demonstration was against local law and against state law. And the result is that pretty soon the police have no influence and the they're not able to make the rest as they should. They're not able to maintain law and order, and then you just get a bigger and bigger crowd and get more and more emotional.

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The first thing you know, you've really got what you had in Los Angeles, violence and bloodshed and almost energy. I think this results from these too many of these civil demonstrations. Up to this point, Senator, there's been no single leader pointed out as instigating. This seems to be a great many hoodlums.

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Do you find that to be the case? I think there's no question, but in this sort of the thing that hoodlums always tend to insinuate themselves into this kind of an order, this kind of a a demonstration and they're the ones that finally lead it to arrive.

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But the problem is that when you get people excited emotionally and when you get them very resentful, you can lead them very easily and you can lead them in wrong past. What about Chicago now in Springfield, Massachusetts? Well, of course, they're having the same kind of difficulty.

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You know, we in the South always. We got a lot of attention earlier this year, as a matter of fact, a great deal of attention last year because we had some difficulties with getting along between the races. But actually that was caused in most instances because of outsiders coming in.

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Now, regrettably, we've seen now the conditions get far worse than the everywhere in the South and not only in Los Angeles, but in Springfield, in Philadelphia and Chicago in New York. I think it's fair to say that we're as I have said on other occasions. I think it's being demonstrated now that we can put a lot of laws on the books.

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But that doesn't answer the root problem. The root problem is still a problem of education. It's still a problem of economics, and when these citizens, Negroes and whites when they have the better opportunities and they cannot get better jobs until they're better educated. And we've got to build up and grade up our schools.

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And when we do that, we then improve the economic conditions of those people and when their economic conditions are improved and at the same time they learn to live as responsible citizens and respect the law of the land. I think that well, then eliminate the problem.

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But until we quit, talking so much about simple law is going to end all this because it isn't until we start getting to the root problems which your economic and educational and then just the realization that after all, we must understand one understand the other because we're all citizens in the United States.

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We're all very frankly entitled to treatment, equal treatment under the law. And I think in many respects we're getting that. Once we get to that point, I don't think we'll have any more of this violence. Some members have suggested a congressional inquiry. There's no point to that.

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I don't think at this time all I think it would do would be to exacerbate the problem. It would inflame the people. There would be, once again, a rehashing of who's at fault, and I don't believe it would result in any good at this particular moment.

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What we need to do is try to understand and try to teach and try to improve economic opportunities for all of our citizens. Thank you very much, Senator George Smathers. I'll return you now to your station announcer Ambassador Goldberg has addressed at this past week and indicated that we will retire from our request that nobody be allowed to actively participate unless they paid all the money they owed the U.

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N. Well, I think that what Ambassador Goldberg is trying to achieve, frankly as a step backward in order to make what he believes might be a giant step forward. And to put that in more precise language, what he's trying to do, he's having the United States retreat on from our position that we were going to insist that every nation meet its portion of obligations thus far incurred by the United Nations and its peacekeeping efforts that had stymied that request of ours, had stymied and in fact stopped active debate and discussion within the United Nations about other problems.

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What Goldberg is trying to achieve is to let the United Nations once again begin to start a dialogue in a discussion, uh, particularly on the Vietnam problem, in the belief that if we can start that kind of a discussion and get the exchange of views and the belief that most of the nations of the United Nations you belong to, the United Nations want to see peace brought about in Southeast Asia, that he might be able as a result of this discussion, this dialogue bring about the establishment of a machinery which would effectively stopped the war in Vietnam.

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So he had to take this step backward in order to get a running room and looked like, in order to make what he hopes will be a giant leap forward in all of us. Hope that that will be that he will be successful in his ambition, senators matters.

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Won't this make it more difficult now to get appropriations through the Congress for the U. N. It will give those who oppose the U. N added ammunition. There's no question about that. But, however, if the U. N is able to bring about a peace in Vietnam.

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Why then? Of course, those who have the larger view of the UN will be able to argue against those who have the narrow view and say, Look, it's accomplished a very magnificent and worthy and ineffective world. Shaking had a world shaking accomplishment for good, whereas this other matter was more of a financial and budgetary problem.

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Well, Senator, would you expect the Congress to not pave its share of a certain operations such as the Russians did not pay? In view of what's occurring, we have learned to expect, unfortunately, in dealing with the Russians, that they don't operate ever from the same standard.

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Did we do? And if we expect them to, we might as well just forget and dealing with them ever. They've never lived up to any treaty or any agreement that we've ever any, and that we have. We have entered into them with, Nevertheless, that isn't the problem here.

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The problem is that we're trying to get the other nations who belong to the United Nations to bring moral suasion and moral pressure on the Soviet Union, and we have reason to believe the Soviet Union would like it to get into a discussion whereby peacekeeping machinery can be set up for South Vietnam so that we can resolve the larger problem with which we are now confronted.

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That is the war in Vietnam. On the domestic front, Senator you recently introduced a bill to provide an official home for the vice president, Hubert Humphrey. What is the need of that? And what reaction are you getting? Well, first, I would like to say that I became interested in this problem when President Eisenhower recommended that the Congress bill there erect to provide a home for Vice President Nixon.

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I have always felt that the vice president today, unlike the vice president many years ago, if he has to do an efficient job and many of his duties of ceremonial and if he is, uh, relieve the president of some of the ceremonial functions, which today the president really doesn't have time to do and many other things which he is required to do.

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The vice president needs a place in order to do it, and he has not had it, and many of our vice president, like Dick Nixon and Hubert Humphrey or themselves not very wealthy men. So they're not able to do that. Which they Which they ought to do.

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Uh, we can provide a beautiful, big home for the chief of naval operations out here in Massachusetts Avenue who has very few, uh, ceremonial functions. Why? Why not take that home? It doesn't cost the government anything more. And give it to the vice president, United States, who, after all, is the second most important citizen in our government and let him more properly perform his function and be of greater assistance to the president of the United States.

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Thank you very much. Senator George Smathers. I return you now to your station announcer. Mm.